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МЕЖАМЕРИКАНСКАЯ КОНВЕНЦИЯ О БОРЬБЕ С КОРРУПЦИЕЙ (ЗАКЛЮЧЕНА В Г. КАРАКАСЕ 29.03.1996)

(по состоянию на 20 октября 2006 года)

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                       INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION
                           AGAINST CORRUPTION

                         (Caracas, 29.III.1996)

                                Preamble

       The Member States of the Organization of American States,
       Convinced that corruption undermines the legitimacy of  public
   institutions and strikes at society,  moral order, and justice, as
   well as at the comprehensive development of peoples;
       Considering that   representative   democracy,   an  essential
   condition for stability,  peace,  and development of  the  region,
   requires, by its nature, the combating of every form of corruption
   in the performance of public duties, as well as acts of corruption
   specifically related to such performance;
       Persuaded that  righting  corruption  strengthens   democratic
   institutions    and   prevents   distortions   in   the   economy,
   improprieties in public administration,  and damage to a society's
   moral fiber;
       Recognizing that corruption is often a tool used by  organized
   crime for the accomplishment of its purposes;
       Convinced of the importance of making people in the  countries
   of  the  region aware of this problem and its gravity,  and of the
   need to strengthen participation by civil  society  in  preventing
   and fighting corruption;
       Recognizing that,  in some cases, corruption has international
   dimensions,  which  requires coordinated action by States to fight
   it effectively;
       Convinced of  the need for prompt adoption of an international
   instrument to promote and facilitate international cooperation  in
   fighting corruption and,  especially, in taking appropriate action
   against persons who commit acts of corruption in  the  performance
   of   public   duties,   or   acts  specifically  related  to  such
   performance,  as well as appropriate measures with respect to  the
   proceeds of such acts;
       Bearing in mind  that  the  eradication  of  corruption  is  a
   responsibility  of  States  and  that they must cooperate with one
   another if their efforts in this area are to be effective; and
       Determined to  make every effort to prevent,  detect,  punish,
   and eradicate corruption in the performance of public functions or
   acts of corruption specifically related to such performance,
       Have agreed to adopt the following  Inter-American  Convention
   Against Corruption.

                               Article I

                              Definitions

       For the purposes of this Convention:
       "Public function" means any temporary or  permanent,  paid  or
   honorary  activity,  performed  by a natural person in the name of
   the State or under its direction, control, and authority. The term
   "State" comprises the national,  provincial,  regional, local, and
   municipal levels and their agencies.
       "Government official"  means any person who has been selected,
   appointed,  or elected and who  performs  public  functions  on  a
   permanent or temporary basis.
       "Property" means  assets  of  any  kind,  whether  movable  or
   immovable,  tangible  or  intangible,  and  any  document or legal
   instrument demonstrating,  purporting to demonstrate,  or relating
   to ownership or other rights pertaining to such assets.

                               Article II

                                Purposes

       The purposes of the Convention are:
       1. To promote,  facilitate, and regulate cooperation among the
   States Parties to ensure the effectiveness of measures and actions
   to prevent,  detect,  punish,  and eradicate acts of corruption in
   the  performance  of  public  functions  and in acts of corruption
   specifically related to such performance, and
       2. To  promote  and  strengthen the development by each of the
   States Parties  of  the  mechanisms  needed  to  prevent,  detect,
   punish, and eradicate corruption.

                              Article III

                          Preventive Measures

       For the  purposes  set  forth in Article II of the Convention,
   the States Parties agree to consider the applicability of measures
   within  their  own  institutional  systems,  which  would  create,
   maintain, and strengthen:
       1. Standards of conduct for the correct, honorable, and proper
   fulfillment of government  functions.  These  standards  shall  be
   intended  to  prevent conflicts of interest and mandate the proper
   conservation  and  use  of  resources  entrusted   to   government
   officials  in the performance of their functions.  They shall also
   establish measures and systems requiring government  officials  to
   report  to  appropriate  authorities  acts  of  corruption  in the
   performance  of  public  functions.  Such  measures  should   help
   preserve  the  public's  confidence  in  the  integrity  of  civil
   servants and government processes.
       2. Mechanisms to enforce these standards.
       3. Instruction to personnel hired by  government  agencies  to
   ensure  proper  understanding  of  their  responsibilities and the
   ethical rules governing their activities.
       4. Systems  for  registering  the assets and income of persons
   who perform public functions in certain posts  specified  by  law,
   and, where appropriate, for making the registration of such assets
   and income public.
       5. Systems  of government hiring and government procurement of
   goods  and  services  that  assure  the  openness,   equity,   and
   efficiency of such systems.
       6. Government revenue  collection  and  control  systems  that
   ensure that such activities deter corruption.
       7. Laws that deny favorable tax treatment for  any  individual
   or   corporation   for  expenditures  made  in  violation  of  the
   anticorruption laws of the States Parties.
       8. Systems   for   protecting  public  employees  and  private
   citizens who,  in good faith, report acts of corruption, including
   protection of their identities.
       9. To establish and strengthen the highest oversight bodies of
   each State Party with a view to implementing modern mechanisms for
   preventing, detecting, punishing, and eradicating corrupt acts.
       10. Deterrents   to   the  bribery  of  domestic  and  foreign
   government officials,  such as mechanisms to ensure that  publicly
   held  companies and other types of associations maintain books and
   records  which,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  reflect  the
   acquisition   and  disposition  of  assets,  and  have  sufficient
   internal accounting controls to enable their officials  to  detect
   corrupt acts.
       11. Mechanisms to encourage participation by civil society and
   nongovernmental organizations in efforts to prevent corruption.
       12. Mechanisms for studying further preventive measures,  such
   as  the relationship between equitable compensation and probity in
   public service.

                               Article IV

                                 Scope

       This Convention is applicable as long as the  alleged  act  of
   corruption has been committed or has effect in a State Party.

                               Article V

                              Jurisdiction

       1. Each  State  Party  shall  adopt  such  measures  as may be
   necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offenses  it  has
   established in accordance with this Convention when the offense in
   question is committed in its territory.
       2. Each  State  Party  may  adopt  such  measures  as  may  be
   necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offenses  it  has
   established in accordance with this Convention when the offense is
   committed by one of its nationals or by a  person  who  habitually
   resides in its territory.
       3. Each State Party  shall  adopt  such  measures  as  may  be
   necessary  to  establish its jurisdiction over the offenses it has
   established in accordance with this Convention  when  the  alleged
   criminal  is  present  in  its territory and it does not extradite
   such person to another country on the ground of the nationality of
   the alleged criminal.
       4. This Convention does not preclude the  application  of  any
   other  rule  of criminal jurisdiction established by a Party under
   its domestic law.

                               Article VI

                           Acts of Corruption

       1. This  Convention  is  applicable  to  the following acts of
   corruption:
       a. The solicitation or the acceptance, directly or indirectly,
   by a government official or a person who perform public functions,
   of  any  article  of monetary value,  or other benefit,  such as a
   gift,  favor,  promise,  or advantage for himself or  for  another
   person  or  entity,  in  exchange  for  any act or omission in the
   performance of his public functions;
       b. The  offering  or  granting,  directly or indirectly,  to a
   government official or a person who performs public  functions  of
   any article of monetary value,  or other benefit,  such as a gift,
   favor,  promise, or advantage for himself or for another person or
   entity  in  exchange for any act or omission in the performance of
   his public functions;
       c. Any  act  or  omission  in the discharge of his duties by a
   government official or a person who performs public functions  for
   the  purpose  of  obtaining  illicit benefits for himself or for a
   third party;
       d. The  fraudulent use or concealment of property derived from
   any of the acts referred to in this article;
       e. Participation  as  a  principal,  coprincipal,  instigator,
   accomplice,  or accessory after the fact,  or in any other manner,
   in   the   commission  or  attempted  commission  of,  or  in  any
   collaboration or conspiracy to commit, any of the acts referred to
   in this article.
       2. Any other act of corruption defined by the  States  Parties
   in accordance with the purposes of this Convention.

                              Article VII

                              Domestic Law

       The States  Parties  that have not yet done so shall adopt the
   necessary legislative or other measures to establish  as  criminal
   offenses under their domestic law the acts of corruption described
   in Article VI and  to  facilitate  cooperation  among  themselves,
   pursuant to this Convention.

                              Article VIII

                         Transnational Bribery

       Subject to  its Constitution and the fundamental principles of
   its legal system,  each State Party shall prohibit and punish  the
   offering  or  granting,  directly  or indirectly by its nationals,
   persons having their habitual  residence  in  its  territory,  and
   businesses  domiciled there to an official of another State of any
   article of monetary value, or other benefit or advantage, (such as
   gifts,  favors, or promises), in connection with any international
   economic or commercial transaction and in exchange for any act  or
   omission in the performance of that official's public functions.
       Among those States Parties that have established transnational
   bribery  as  a  crime,  such offense shall be considered an act of
   corruption for the purposes of this Convention.
       Insofar as their laws permit, the States Parties shall provide
   the necessary cooperation and assistance in connection  with  this
   offense, as provided in this Convention.

                               Article IX

                           Illicit Enrichment

       Subject to  their Constitutions and the fundamental principles
   of their legal systems,  those States Parties that  have  not  yet
   done so shall take the necessary measures to establish under their
   laws as an offense a significant increase in  the  property  of  a
   government  official that he cannot reasonably explain in relation
   to his lawful earnings during the performance of his functions.
       Among those   States  Panics  that  have  established  illicit
   enrichment as an offense,  such offense shall be considered an act
   of corruption for the purposes of this Convention.
       Insofar as  their  laws  permit,  the  States  Parties   shall
   provide,  in  connection  with  this  offense,  the assistance and
   cooperation established in this Convention.

                               Article X

                        Progressive Development

       Subject to their Constitution and the  fundamental  principles
   of  their  legal  systems,  those States Parties that have not yet
   done  so  shall  endeavor  to  adopt  the  necessary  measures  to
   establish as offenses under their laws the following acts:
       1. Undue use,  for a person's own benefit or that of  a  third
   party, of any kind of classified or confidential information which
   a government official or a person who  performs  public  functions
   has obtained because of, or in the performance of, his functions.
       2. Undue use,  for a person's own benefit or that of  a  third
   party,  of  any  kind of property belonging to the State or to any
   firm or institution in which the State has an interest, to which a
   government  official  or  person who performs public functions has
   access because of, or in the performance of, his functions.
       3. Any  act  or  omission  by  any  person who,  personally or
   through a third party,  or acting as  an  intermediary,  seeks  to
   obtain  a  decision from a public authority whereby he obtains for
   himself,  or for another person,  any unlawful benefit, whether or
   not it harms State property.
       4. The  diversion  by  a  government  official  for   purposes
   unrelated  to  those  for which they were intended,  for one's own
   benefit or that of third parties,  of  any  movable  or  immovable
   property,  monies  or  securities  belonging  to  the State,  to a
   decentralized agency,  or to  an  individual,  that  he  may  have
   received  by virtue of his position for purposes of administration
   or custody or for other reasons.

                               Article XI

                           Impact on Property

       For application of this Convention,  it is not necessary  that
   these acts of corruption harm State property.

                              Article XII

                              Extradition

       1. This article shall apply to the offenses established by the
   States Parties in accordance with this Convention.
       2. Each of the offenses to which this article applies shall be
   deemed  to  be  included  as  an  extraditable  offense   in   any
   extradition  treaty  existing between or among the States Parties.
   The  States  Parties  undertake  to  include  such   offenses   as
   extraditable  offenses in every extradition treaty to be concluded
   between or among them.
       3. If  a State Party that makes extradition conditional on the
   existence of a treaty receives  a  request  for  extradition  from
   another  State  Party  with  which it does not have an extradition
   treaty,  it may consider this Convention as the  legal  basis  for
   extradition  with  respect  to  any  offense to which this article
   applies.
       4. States  Parties that do not make extradition conditional on
   the existence of a treaty shall recognize offenses to  which  this
   article applies as extraditable offenses between themselves.
       5. Extradition shall be subject to the conditions provided for
   by  the  law  of  the Requested State or by applicable extradition
   treaties,  including the grounds on which the Requested State  may
   refuse extradition.
       6. If extradition for an offense to which this article applies
   is  refused  solely  on the basis of the nationality of the person
   sought,  or  because  the  Requested  State  deems  that  it   has
   jurisdiction  over  the offense,  the Requested State shall submit
   the case to its competent authorities unless otherwise agreed with
   the  Requesting  State,  and shall report the final outcome to the
   Requesting State in due course.
       7. For  the  purposes  of application of this Convention,  the
   fact that the property derived  from  an  act  of  corruption  was
   intended  for political purposes or that it is alleged that an act
   of corruption was committed  for  political  motives  or  purposes
   shall  not  suffice  in  and  of  itself  to  qualify the act as a
   political offense or as an offense related to a political offense.
       8. Subject  to  the  provisions  of  its  domestic law and its
   extradition  treaties,  the  Requested  State  may,   upon   being
   satisfied that the circumstances so warrant and are urgent, and at
   the  request  of  the  Requesting  State,  take  a  person   whose
   extradition  is  sought  and  who is present in its territory into
   custody, or take other appropriate measures to ensure his presence
   at extradition proceedings.

                              Article XIII

                       Assistance and Cooperation

       1. In   keeping   with  their  domestic  laws  and  applicable
   treaties,  the States Parties shall afford one another the  widest
   measure   of   mutual   assistance  by  processing  requests  from
   authorities that, in accordance with their domestic laws, have the
   power  to investigate or prosecute the acts of corruption cited in
   Article VI,  to obtain evidence and take other necessary action to
   facilitate   legal   proceedings   and   measures   regarding  the
   investigation or prosecution of acts of corruption.
       2. The States Parties shall also provide each other the widest
   measure of mutual technical cooperation on the most effective ways
   and  means  of  preventing,  investigating,  and punishing acts of
   corruption.  To  that  end,  they  shall   foster   exchanges   of
   experiences  by  way  of agreements and meetings between competent
   bodies and  institutions,  and  shall  pay  special  attention  to
   methods  and  procedures  of  citizen  participation  in the fight
   against corruption.

                              Article XIV

                      Measures regarding Property

       1. In accordance  with  their  applicable  domestic  laws  and
   relevant treaties or other agreements that may be in force between
   or among them,  the Parties shall provide each other the  broadest
   possible  measure  of  assistance  in the identification,  tracing
   freezing, seizure, and forfeiture of property or proceeds obtained
   or  derived from or used in the commission of offenses established
   in accordance with this Convention.
       2. A Party that enforces its own or another Party's forfeiture
   judgment against property or proceeds described in paragraph 1  of
   this  article  shall  dispose  of  the  property  or  proceeds  in
   accordance with its laws.  To the extent permitted  by  a  Party's
   laws  and upon such terms as it deems appropriate,  that Party may
   transfer all or part of such property or proceeds to another Party
   that assisted in the underlying investigation or proceedings.

                               Article XV

                              Bank Secrecy

       1. The  Requested State shall not invoke bank secrecy in order
   to refuse to provide  the  assistance  sought  by  the  Requesting
   State.  A  Requested  State shall apply this article in accordance
   with its domestic law,  its procedural provisions or bilateral  or
   multilateral agreements concluded with the Requesting State.
       2. The Requesting State undertakes not to use any  information
   which  it  receives and which is protected by bank secrecy for any
   purpose other than the proceeding for which that  information  was
   requested, unless authorized by the Requested State.

                              Article XVI

                           Central Authority

       1. For   the   purposes   of   international   assistance  and
   cooperation provided under this Convention,  each State Party  may
   designate  a  central  authority  or  may  rely  upon such central
   authorities as are provided for in any relevant treaties or  other
   agreements.
       2. The central authorities shall be responsible for making and
   receiving  the requests for assistance and cooperation referred to
   in this Convention.
       3. The  central  authorities shall communicate with each other
   directly for all the purposes of this Convention.

                              Article XVII

                     Other agreements or practices

       No provision  of  this  Convention  shall  be   construed   as
   preventing  the States Parties from engaging in mutual cooperation
   within the framework of other international agreements,  bilateral
   or multilateral, currently in force or concluded in the future, or
   pursuant to any other applicable arrangement or practice, provided
   that  such  cooperation  yields  more effective fulfillment of the
   aims set forth in Article II of this Convention.

                             Final Clauses

                             Article XVIII

       This Convention is open for signature by the Member States  of
   the Organization of American States.

                              Article XIX

       This Convention  shall  remain open for accession by any other
   State.  The instruments of accession shall be deposited  with  the
   General Secretariat of the Organization of American States.


                               Article XX

       This Convention is subject to ratification. The instruments of
   ratification  shall  be  deposited with the General Secretariat of
   the Organization of American States.

                              Article XXI

       The States Parties may,  at the time of  adoption,  signature,
   ratification,  or accession, make reservations to this Convention,
   provided that each  reservation  concerns  one  or  more  specific
   provisions  and is not incompatible with the object and purpose of
   this Convention.

                              Article XXII

       This Convention shall enter into force on  the  thirtieth  day
   following  the  date  of  deposit  of  the  second  instrument  of
   ratification.  For  each  State  ratifying  or  acceding  to   the
   Convention   after   the  deposit  of  the  second  instrument  of
   ratification,  the  Convention  shall  enter  into  force  on  the
   thirtieth  day  after  deposit  by such State of its instrument of
   ratification or accession.

                             Article XXIII

       This Convention shall remain in force indefinitely, but any of
   the States Parties may denounce it. The instrument of denunciation
   shall  be  deposited  with  the   General   Secretariat   of   the
   Organization  of American States.  After one year from the date of
   deposit of the instrument of denunciation, the Convention shall no
   longer  be in force for the denouncing State,  but shall remain in
   force for the other States Parties.

                              Article XXIV

                          Additional Protocols

       Any State Party may submit,  for the  consideration  of  other
   State  Parties  meeting on the occasion of the General Assembly of
   the Organization of American States, draft additional protocols to
   this  Convention  to  contribute to attainment of the purposes set
   forth in Article II thereof.
       Each additional protocol must establish the modalities for its
   entry into force and shall apply only to the States Parties to it.

                              Article XXV

       The original  instrument  of  this  Convention,  the  English,
   French,  Portuguese,  and  Spanish  texts  of  which  are  equally
   authentic,  shall be deposited with the General Secretariat of the
   Organization   of   American   States,   which  shall  forward  an
   authenticated copy of its text to the Secretariat  of  the  United
   Nations  for  registration  and  publication  in  accordance  with
   Article 102 of the United Nations Charter. The General Secretariat
   of  the  Organization  of  American States shall notify its Member
   States and the States that  have  acceded  to  the  Convention  of
   signatures,   of  the  deposit  of  instruments  of  ratification,
   accession, or denunciation, and of reservations, if any.



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