THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
(Montreal, 16.IX.1987)
(as either adjusted and/or amended
in London 1990, Copenhagen 1992, Vienna 1995,
Montreal 1997, Beijing 1999)
Preamble
The Parties to this Protocol,
Being Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of
the Ozone Layer,
Mindful of their obligation under that Convention to take
appropriate measures to protect human health and the environment
against adverse effects resulting or likely to result from human
activities which modify or are likely to modify the ozone layer,
Recognizing that world-wide emissions of certain substances
can significantly deplete and otherwise modify the ozone layer in
a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects on human
health and the environment,
Conscious of the potential climatic effects of emissions of
these substances,
Aware that measures taken to protect the ozone layer from
depletion should be based on relevant scientific knowledge, taking
into account technical and economic considerations,
Determined to protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary
measures to control equitably total global emissions of substances
that deplete it, with the ultimate objective of their elimination
on the basis of developments in scientific knowledge, taking into
account technical and economic considerations and bearing in mind
the developmental needs of developing countries,
Acknowledging that special provision is required to meet the
needs of developing countries, including the provision of
additional financial resources and access to relevant
technologies, bearing in mind that the magnitude of funds
necessary is predictable, and the funds can be expected to make a
substantial difference in the world's ability to address the
scientifically established problem of ozone depletion and its
harmful effects,
Noting the precautionary measures for controlling emissions of
certain chlorofluorocarbons that have already been taken at
national and regional levels,
Considering the importance of promoting international
co-operation in the research, development and transfer of
alternative technologies relating to the control and reduction of
emissions of substances that deplete the ozone layer, bearing in
mind in particular the needs of developing countries,
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1
Definitions
For the purposes of this Protocol:
1. "Convention" means the Vienna Convention for the Protection
of the Ozone Layer, adopted on 22 March 1985.
2. "Parties" means, unless the text otherwise indicates,
Parties to this Protocol.
3. "Secretariat" means the Secretariat of the Convention.
4. "Controlled substance" means a substance in Annex A,
Annex B, Annex C or Annex E to this Protocol, whether existing
alone or in a mixture. It includes the isomers of any such
substance, except as specified in the relevant Annex, but excludes
any controlled substance or mixture which is in a manufactured
product other than a container used for the transportation or
storage of that substance.
5. "Production" means the amount of controlled substances
produced, minus the amount destroyed by technologies to be
approved by the Parties and minus the amount entirely used as
feedstock in the manufacture of other chemicals. The amount
recycled and reused is not to be considered as "production".
6. "Consumption" means production plus imports minus exports
of controlled substances.
7. "Calculated levels" of production, imports, exports and
consumption means levels determined in accordance with Article 3.
8. "Industrial rationalization" means the transfer of all or a
portion of the calculated level of production of one Party to
another, for the purpose of achieving economic efficiencies or
responding to anticipated shortfalls in supply as a result of
plant closures.
Article 2
Control Measures
1. Incorporated in Article 2A.
2. Replaced by Article 2B.
3. Replaced by Article 2A.
4. Replaced by Article 2A.
5. Any Party may, for one or more control periods, transfer to
another Party any portion of its calculated level of production
set out in Articles 2A to 2F, and Article 2H, provided that the
total combined calculated levels of production of the Parties
concerned for any group of controlled substances do not exceed the
production limits set out in those Articles for that group. Such
transfer of production shall be notified to the Secretariat by
each of the Parties concerned, stating the terms of such transfer
and the period for which it is to apply.
5 bis. Any Party not operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5
may, for one or more control periods, transfer to another such
Party any portion of its calculated level of consumption set out
in Article 2F, provided that the calculated level of consumption
of controlled substances in Group I of Annex A of the Party
transferring the portion of its calculated level of consumption
did not exceed 0.25 kilograms per capita in 1989 and that the
total combined calculated levels of consumption of the Parties
concerned do not exceed the consumption limits set out in
Article 2F. Such transfer of consumption shall be notified to the
Secretariat by each of the Parties concerned, stating the terms of
such transfer and the period for which it is to apply.
6. Any Party not operating under Article 5, that has
facilities for the production of Annex A or Annex B controlled
substances under construction, or contracted for, prior to
16 September 1987, and provided for in national legislation prior
to 1 January 1987, may add the production from such facilities to
its 1986 production of such substances for the purposes of
determining its calculated level of production for 1986, provided
that such facilities are completed by 31 December 1990 and that
such production does not raise that Party's annual calculated
level of consumption of the controlled substances above 0.5
kilograms per capita.
7. Any transfer of production pursuant to paragraph 5 or any
addition of production pursuant to paragraph 6 shall be notified
to the Secretariat, no later than the time of the transfer or
addition.
8. (a) Any Parties which are Member States of a regional
economic integration organization as defined in Article 1 (6) of
the Convention may agree that they shall jointly fulfil their
obligations respecting consumption under this Article and
Articles 2A to 2I provided that their total combined calculated
level of consumption does not exceed the levels required by this
Article and Articles 2A to 2I.
(b) The Parties to any such agreement shall inform the
Secretariat of the terms of the agreement before the date of the
reduction in consumption with which the agreement is concerned.
(c) Such agreement will become operative only if all Member
States of the regional economic integration organization and the
organization concerned are Parties to the Protocol and have
notified the Secretariat of their manner of implementation.
9. (a) Based on the assessments made pursuant to Article 6,
the Parties may decide whether:
(i) Adjustments to the ozone depleting potentials
specified in Annex A, Annex B, Annex C and/or Annex E should
be made and, if so, what the adjustments should be; and
(ii) Further adjustments and reductions of production or
consumption of the controlled substances should be undertaken
and, if so, what the scope, amount and timing of any such
adjustments and reductions should be;
(b) Proposals for such adjustments shall be communicated to
the Parties by the Secretariat at least six months before the
meeting of the Parties at which they are proposed for adoption;
(c) In taking such decisions, the Parties shall make every
effort to reach agreement by consensus. If all efforts at
consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, such
decisions shall, as a last resort, be adopted by a two-thirds
majority vote of the Parties present and voting representing a
majority of the Parties operating under Paragraph 1 of Article 5
present and voting and a majority of the Parties not so operating
present and voting;
(d) The decisions, which shall be binding on all Parties,
shall forthwith be communicated to the Parties by the Depositary.
Unless otherwise provided in the decisions, they shall enter into
force on the expiry of six months from the date of the circulation
of the communication by the Depositary.
10. Based on the assessments made pursuant to Article 6 of
this Protocol and in accordance with the procedure set out in
Article 9 of the Convention, the Parties may decide:
(a) whether any substances, and if so which, should be added
to or removed from any annex to this Protocol, and
(b) the mechanism, scope and timing of the control measures
that should apply to those substances;
11. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this Article
and Articles 2A to 2I Parties may take more stringent measures
than those required by this Article and Articles 2A to 2I.
Article 2A
CFCs
1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on the first day of the seventh month following the
date of entry into force of this Protocol, and in each
twelve-month period thereafter, its calculated level of
consumption of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A
does not exceed its calculated level of consumption in 1986. By
the end of the same period, each Party producing one or more of
these substances shall ensure that its calculated level of
production of the substances does not exceed its calculated level
of production in 1986, except that such level may have increased
by no more than ten per cent based on the 1986 level. Such
increase shall be permitted only so as to satisfy the basic
domestic needs of the Parties operating under Article 5 and for
the purposes of industrial rationalization between Parties.
2. Each Party shall ensure that for the period from 1 July
1991 to 31 December 1992 its calculated levels of consumption and
production of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A do
not exceed 150 per cent of its calculated levels of production and
consumption of those substances in 1986; with effect from
1 January 1993, the twelve-month control period for these
controlled substances shall run from 1 January to 31 December each
year.
3. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1994, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex A does not exceed, annually,
twenty-five per cent of its calculated level of consumption in
1986. Each Party producing one or more of these substances shall,
for the same periods, ensure that its calculated level of
production of the substances does not exceed, annually,
twenty-five per cent of its calculated level of production in
1986. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of
its calculated level of production in 1986.
4. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1996, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex A does not exceed zero. Each Party
producing one or more of these substances shall, for the same
periods, ensure that its calculated level of production of the
substances does not exceed zero. However, in order to satisfy the
basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of
Article 5, its calculated level of production may exceed that
limit by a quantity equal to the annual average of its production
of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A for basic
domestic needs for the period 1995 to 1997 inclusive. This
paragraph will apply save to the extent that the Parties decide to
permit the level of production or consumption that is necessary to
satisfy uses agreed by them to be essential.
5. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2003 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex A for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed eighty per cent of the annual average of its production of
those substances for basic domestic needs for the period 1995 to
1997 inclusive.
6. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2005 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex A for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed fifty per cent of the annual average of its production of
those substances for basic domestic needs for the period 1995 to
1997 inclusive.
7. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2007 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex A for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed fifteen per cent of the annual average of its production of
those substances for basic domestic needs for the period 1995 to
1997 inclusive.
8. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2010 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex A for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed zero.
9. For the purposes of calculating basic domestic needs under
paragraphs 4 to 8 of this Article, the calculation of the annual
average of production by a Party includes any production
entitlements that it has transferred in accordance with
paragraph 5 of Article 2, and excludes any production entitlements
that it has acquired in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 2.
Article 2B
Halons
1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1992, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group II of Annex A does not exceed, annually, its
calculated level of consumption in 1986. Each Party producing one
or more of these substances shall, for the same periods, ensure
that its calculated level of production of the substances does not
exceed, annually, its calculated level of production in 1986.
However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of
its calculated level of production in 1986.
2. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1994, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group II of Annex A does not exceed zero. Each Party
producing one or more of these substances shall, for the same
periods, ensure that its calculated level of production of the
substances does not exceed zero. However, in order to satisfy the
basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of
Article 5, its calculated level of production may, until 1 January
2002 exceed that limit by up to fifteen per cent of its calculated
level of production in 1986; thereafter, it may exceed that limit
by a quantity equal to the annual average of its production of the
controlled substances in Group II of Annex A for basic domestic
needs for the period 1995 to 1997 inclusive. This paragraph will
apply save to the extent that the Parties decide to permit the
level of production or consumption that is necessary to satisfy
uses agreed by them to be essential.
3. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2005 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group II of Annex A for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed fifty per cent of the annual average of its production of
those substances for basic domestic needs for the period 1995 to
1997 inclusive.
4. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2010 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group II of Annex A for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed zero.
Article 2C
Other fully halogenated CFCs
1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1993, its calculated level of consumption
of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex B does not
exceed, annually, eighty per cent of its calculated level of
consumption in 1989. Each Party producing one or more of these
substances shall, for the same period, ensure that its calculated
level of production of the substances does not exceed, annually,
eighty per cent of its calculated level of production in 1989.
However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of
its calculated level of production in 1989.
2. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1994, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex B does not exceed, annually,
twenty-five per cent of its calculated level of consumption in
1989. Each Party producing one or more of these substances shall,
for the same periods, ensure that its calculated level of
production of the substances does not exceed, annually,
twenty-five per cent of its calculated level of production in
1989. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of
its calculated level of production in 1989.
3. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1996, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex B does not exceed zero. Each Party
producing one or more of these substances shall, for the same
periods, ensure that its calculated level of production of the
substances does not exceed zero. However, in order to satisfy the
basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of
Article 5, its calculated level of production may, until 1 January
2003 exceed that limit by up to fifteen per cent of its calculated
level of production in 1989; thereafter, it may exceed that limit
by a quantity equal to eighty per cent of the annual average of
its production of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex B
for basic domestic needs for the period 1998 to 2000 inclusive.
This paragraph will apply save to the extent that the Parties
decide to permit the level of production or consumption that is
necessary to satisfy uses agreed by them to be essential.
4. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2007 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex B for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed fifteen per cent of the annual average of its production of
those substances for basic domestic needs for the period 1998 to
2000 inclusive.
5. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2010 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex B for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed zero.
Article 2D
Carbon tetrachloride
1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1995, its calculated level of consumption
of the controlled substance in Group II of Annex B does not
exceed, annually, fifteen per cent of its calculated level of
consumption in 1989. Each Party producing the substance shall, for
the same period, ensure that its calculated level of production of
the substance does not exceed, annually, fifteen per cent of its
calculated level of production in 1989. However, in order to
satisfy the basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under
paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated level of production may
exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of its calculated level of
production in 1989.
2. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1996, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substance in Group II of Annex B does not exceed zero. Each Party
producing the substance shall, for the same periods, ensure that
its calculated level of production of the substance does not
exceed zero. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs
of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its
calculated level of production may exceed that limit by up to
fifteen per cent of its calculated level of production in 1989.
This paragraph will apply save to the extent that the Parties
decide to permit the level of production or consumption that is
necessary to satisfy uses agreed by them to be essential.
Article 2E
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl chloroform)
1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1993, its calculated level of consumption
of the controlled substance in Group III of Annex B does not
exceed, annually, its calculated level of consumption in 1989.
Each Party producing the substance shall, for the same period,
ensure that its calculated level of production of the substance
does not exceed, annually, its calculated level of production in
1989. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of
its calculated level of production in 1989.
2. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1994, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substance in Group III of Annex B does not exceed, annually, fifty
per cent of its calculated level of consumption in 1989. Each
Party producing the substance shall, for the same periods, ensure
that its calculated level of production of the substance does not
exceed, annually, fifty per cent of its calculated level of
production in 1989. However, in order to satisfy the basic
domestic needs of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of
Article 5, its calculated level of production may exceed that
limit by up to ten per cent of its calculated level of production
in 1989.
3. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1996, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substance in Group III of Annex B does not exceed zero. Each Party
producing the substance shall, for the same periods, ensure that
its calculated level of production of the substance does not
exceed zero. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs
of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its
calculated level of production may exceed that limit by up to
fifteen per cent of its calculated level of production for 1989.
This paragraph will apply save to the extent that the Parties
decide to permit the level of production or consumption that is
necessary to satisfy uses agreed by them to be essential.
Article 2F
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1996, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex C does not exceed, annually, the
sum of:
(a) Two point eight per cent of its calculated level of
consumption in 1989 of the controlled substances in Group I of
Annex A; and
(b) Its calculated level of consumption in 1989 of the
controlled substances in Group I of Annex C.
2. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve month period
commencing on 1 January 2004, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex C does not exceed, annually,
sixty-five per cent of the sum referred to in paragraph 1 of this
Article.
3. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2010, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex C does not exceed, annually,
thirty-five per cent of the sum referred to in paragraph 1 of this
Article.
4. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2015, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex C does not exceed, annually, ten
per cent of the sum referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.
5. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2020, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex C does not exceed, annually, zero
point five per cent of the sum referred to in paragraph 1 of this
Article. Such consumption shall, however, be restricted to the
servicing of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment existing
at that date.
6. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2030, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex C does not exceed zero.
7. As of 1 January 1996, each Party shall endeavour to ensure
that:
(a) The use of controlled substances in Group I of Annex C is
limited to those applications where other more environmentally
suitable alternative substances or technologies are not available;
(b) The use of controlled substances in Group I of Annex C is
not outside the areas of application currently met by controlled
substances in Annexes A, B and C, except in rare cases for the
protection of human life or human health; and
(c) Controlled substances in Group I of Annex C are selected
for use in a manner that minimizes ozone depletion, in addition to
meeting other environmental, safety and economic considerations.
8. Each Party producing one or more of these substances shall
ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on 1 January
2004, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its calculated
level of production of the controlled substances in Group I of
Annex C does not exceed, annually, the average of:
(a) The sum of its calculated level of consumption in 1989 of
the controlled substances in Group I of Annex C and two point
eight per cent of its calculated level of consumption in 1989 of
the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A; and
(b) The sum of its calculated level of production in 1989 of
the controlled substances in Group I of Annex C and two point
eight per cent of its calculated level of production in 1989 of
the controlled substances in Group I of Annex A.
However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may exceed that limit by up to fifteen per
cent of its calculated level of production of the controlled
substances in Group I of Annex C as defined above.
Article 2G
Hydrobromofluorocarbons
Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1996, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substances in Group II of Annex C does not exceed zero. Each Party
producing the substances shall, for the same periods, ensure that
its calculated level of production of the substances does not
exceed zero. This paragraph will apply save to the extent that the
Parties decide to permit the level of production or consumption
that is necessary to satisfy uses agreed by them to be essential.
Article 2H
Methyl bromide
1. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1995, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substance in Annex E does not exceed, annually, its calculated
level of consumption in 1991. Each Party producing the substance
shall, for the same period, ensure that its calculated level of
production of the substance does not exceed, annually, its
calculated level of production in 1991. However, in order to
satisfy the basic domestic needs of the Parties operating under
paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated level of production may
exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of its calculated level of
production in 1991.
2. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 1999, and in the twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substance in Annex E does not exceed, annually, seventy-five per
cent of its calculated level of consumption in 1991. Each Party
producing the substance shall, for the same periods, ensure that
its calculated level of production of the substance does not
exceed, annually, seventy-five per cent of its calculated level of
production in 1991. However, in order to satisfy the basic
domestic needs of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of
Article 5, its calculated level of production may exceed that
limit by up to ten per cent of its calculated level of production
in 1991.
3. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2001, and in the twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substance in Annex E does not exceed, annually, fifty per cent of
its calculated level of consumption in 1991. Each Party producing
the substance shall, for the same periods, ensure that its
calculated level of production of the substance does not exceed,
annually, fifty per cent of its calculated level of production in
1991. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of
its calculated level of production in 1991.
4. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2003, and in the twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substance in Annex E does not exceed, annually, thirty per cent of
its calculated level of consumption in 1991. Each Party producing
the substance shall, for the same periods, ensure that its
calculated level of production of the substance does not exceed,
annually, thirty per cent of its calculated level of production in
1991. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may exceed that limit by up to ten per cent of
its calculated level of production in 1991.
5. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2005, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled
substance in Annex E does not exceed zero. Each Party producing
the substance shall, for the same periods, ensure that its
calculated level of production of the substance does not exceed
zero. However, in order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, its calculated
level of production may, until 1 January 2002 exceed that limit by
up to fifteen per cent of its calculated level of production in
1991; thereafter, it may exceed that limit by a quantity equal to
the annual average of its production of the controlled substance
in Annex E for basic domestic needs for the period 1995 to 1998
inclusive. This paragraph will apply save to the extent that the
Parties decide to permit the level of production or consumption
that is necessary to satisfy uses agreed by them to be critical
uses.
5 bis. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month
period commencing on 1 January 2005 and in each twelve-month
period thereafter, its calculated level of production of the
controlled substance in Annex E for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed eighty per cent of the annual average of its production of
the substance for basic domestic needs for the period 1995 to 1998
inclusive.
5 ter. Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month
period commencing on 1 January 2015 and in each twelve-month
period thereafter, its calculated level of production of the
controlled substance in Annex E for the basic domestic needs of
the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 does not
exceed zero.
6. The calculated levels of consumption and production under
this Article shall not include the amounts used by the Party for
quarantine and pre-shipment applications.
Article 2I
Bromochloromethane
Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2002, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated level of consumption and production of
the controlled substance in Group III of Annex C does not exceed
zero. This paragraph will apply save to the extent that the
Parties decide to permit the level of production or consumption
that is necessary to satisfy uses agreed by them to be essential.
Article 3
Calculation of control levels
For the purposes of Articles 2, 2A to 2I and 5, each Party
shall, for each group of substances in Annex A, Annex B, Annex C
or Annex E determine its calculated levels of:
(a) Production by:
(i) multiplying its annual production of each controlled
substance by the ozone depleting potential specified in
respect of it in Annex A, Annex B, Annex C or Annex E;
(ii) adding together, for each such Group, the resulting
figures;
(b) Imports and exports, respectively, by following, mutatis
mutandis, the procedure set out in subparagraph (a); and
(c) Consumption by adding together its calculated levels of
production and imports and subtracting its calculated level of
exports as determined in accordance with subparagraphs (a) and
(b). However, beginning on 1 January 1993, any export of
controlled substances to non-Parties shall not be subtracted in
calculating the consumption level of the exporting Party.
Article 4
Control of trade with non-Parties
1. As of 1 January 1990, each party shall ban the import of
the controlled substances in Annex A from any State not party to
this Protocol.
1 bis. Within one year of the date of the entry into force of
this paragraph, each Party shall ban the import of the controlled
substances in Annex B from any State not party to this Protocol.
1 ter. Within one year of the date of entry into force of this
paragraph, each Party shall ban the import of any controlled
substances in Group II of Annex C from any State not party to this
Protocol.
1 qua. Within one year of the date of entry into force of this
paragraph, each Party shall ban the import of the controlled
substance in Annex E from any State not party to this Protocol.
1 quin. As of 1 January 2004, each Party shall ban the import
of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex C from any State
not party to this Protocol.
1 sex. Within one year of the date of entry into force of this
paragraph, each Party shall ban the import of the controlled
substance in Group III of Annex C from any State not party to this
Protocol.
2. As of 1 January 1993, each Party shall ban the export of
any controlled substances in Annex A to any State not party to
this Protocol.
2 bis. Commencing one year after the date of entry into force
of this paragraph, each Party shall ban the export of any
controlled substances in Annex B to any State not party to this
Protocol.
2 ter. Commencing one year after the date of entry into force
of this paragraph, each Party shall ban the export of any
controlled substances in Group II of Annex C to any State not
party to this Protocol.
2 qua. Commencing one year of the date of entry into force of
this paragraph, each Party shall ban the export of the controlled
substance in Annex E to any State not party to this Protocol.
2 quin. As of 1 January 2004, each Party shall ban the export
of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex C to any State
not party to this Protocol.
2 sex. Within one year of the date of entry into force of this
paragraph, each Party shall ban the export of the controlled
substance in Group III of Annex C to any State not party to this
Protocol.
3. By 1 January 1992, the Parties shall, following the
procedures in Article 10 of the Convention, elaborate in an annex
a list of products containing controlled substances in Annex A.
Parties that have not objected to the annex in accordance with
those procedures shall ban, within one year of the annex having
become effective, the import of those products from any State not
party to this Protocol.
3 bis. Within three years of the date of the entry into force
of this paragraph, the Parties shall, following the procedures in
Article 10 of the Convention, elaborate in an annex a list of
products containing controlled substances in Annex B. Parties that
have not objected to the annex in accordance with those procedures
shall ban, within one year of the annex having become effective,
the import of those products from any State not party to this
Protocol.
3 ter. Within three years of the date of entry into force of
this paragraph, the Parties shall, following the procedures in
Article 10 of the Convention, elaborate in an annex a list of
products containing controlled substances in Group II of Annex C.
Parties that have not objected to the annex in accordance with
those procedures shall ban, within one year of the annex having
become effective, the import of those products from any State not
party to this Protocol.
4. By 1 January 1994, the Parties shall determine the
feasibility of banning or restricting, from States not party to
this Protocol, the import of products produced with, but not
containing, controlled substances in Annex A. If determined
feasible, the Parties shall, following the procedures in
Article 10 of the Convention, elaborate in an annex a list of such
products. Parties that have not objected to the annex in
accordance with those procedures shall ban, within one year of the
annex having become effective, the import of those products from
any State not party to this Protocol.
4 bis. Within five years of the date of the entry into force
of this paragraph, the Parties shall determine the feasibility of
banning or restricting, from States not party to this Protocol,
the import of products produced with, but not containing,
controlled substances in Annex B. If determined feasible, the
Parties shall, following the procedures in Article 10 of the
Convention, elaborate in an annex a list of such products. Parties
that have not objected to the annex in accordance with those
procedures shall ban or restrict, within one year of the annex
having become effective, the import of those products from any
State not party to this Protocol.
4 ter. Within five years of the date of entry into force of
this paragraph, the Parties shall determine the feasibility of
banning or restricting, from States not party to this Protocol,
the import of products produced with, but not containing,
controlled substances in Group II of Annex C. If determined
feasible, the Parties shall, following the procedures in
Article 10 of the Convention, elaborate in an annex a list of such
products. Parties that have not objected to the annex in
accordance with those procedures shall ban or restrict, within one
year of the annex having become effective, the import of those
products from any State not party to this Protocol.
5. Each Party undertakes to the fullest practicable extent to
discourage the export to any State not party to this Protocol of
technology for producing and for utilizing controlled substances
in Annexes A, B, C and E.
6. Each Party shall refrain from providing new subsidies, aid,
credits, guarantees or insurance programmes for the export to
States not party to this Protocol of products, equipment, plants
or technology that would facilitate the production of controlled
substances in Annexes A, B, C and E.
7. Paragraphs 5 and 6 shall not apply to products, equipment,
plants or technology that improve the containment, recovery,
recycling or destruction of controlled substances, promote the
development of alternative substances, or otherwise contribute to
the reduction of emissions of controlled substances in Annexes A,
B, C and E.
8. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article, imports and
exports referred to in paragraphs 1 to 4 ter of this Article may
be permitted from, or to, any State not party to this Protocol, if
that State is determined, by a meeting of the Parties, to be in
full compliance with Article 2, Articles 2A to 2I and this
Article, and have submitted data to that effect as specified in
Article 7.
9. For the purposes of this Article, the term "State not party
to this Protocol" shall include, with respect to a particular
controlled substance, a State or regional economic integration
organization that has not agreed to be bound by the control
measures in effect for that substance.
10. By 1 January 1996, the Parties shall consider whether to
amend this Protocol in order to extend the measures in this
Article to trade in controlled substances in Group I of Annex C
and in Annex E with States not party to the Protocol.
Article 4A
Control of trade with Parties
1. Where, after the phase-out date applicable to it for a
controlled substance, a Party is unable, despite having taken all
practicable steps to comply with its obligation under the
Protocol, to cease production of that substance for domestic
consumption, other than for uses agreed by the Parties to be
essential, it shall ban the export of used, recycled and reclaimed
quantities of that substance, other than for the purpose of
destruction.
2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall apply without prejudice
to the operation of Article 11 of the Convention and the
non-compliance procedure developed under Article 8 of the
Protocol.
Article 4B
Licensing
1. Each Party shall, by 1 January 2000 or within three months
of the date of entry into force of this Article for it, whichever
is the later, establish and implement a system for licensing the
import and export of new, used, recycled and reclaimed controlled
substances in Annexes A, B, C and E.
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this Article, any Party
operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 which decides it is not
in a position to establish and implement a system for licensing
the import and export of controlled substances in Annexes C and E,
may delay taking those actions until 1 January 2005 and 1 January
2002, respectively.
3. Each Party shall, within three months of the date of
introducing its licensing system, report to the Secretariat on the
establishment and operation of that system.
4. The Secretariat shall periodically prepare and circulate to
all Parties a list of the Parties that have reported to it on
their licensing systems and shall forward this information to the
Implementation Committee for consideration and appropriate
recommendations to the Parties.
Article 5
Special situation of developing countries
1. Any Party that is a developing country and whose annual
calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in
Annex A is less than 0.3 kilograms per capita on the date of the
entry into force of the Protocol for it, or any time thereafter
until 1 January 1999, shall, in order to meet its basic domestic
needs, be entitled to delay for ten years its compliance with the
control measures set out in Articles 2A to 2E, provided that any
further amendments to the adjustments or Amendment adopted at the
Second Meeting of the Parties in London, 29 June 1990, shall apply
to the Parties operating under this paragraph after the review
provided for in paragraph 8 of this Article has taken place and
shall be based on the conclusions of that review.
1 bis. The Parties shall, taking into account the review
referred to in paragraph 8 of this Article, the assessments made
pursuant to Article 6 and any other relevant information, decide
by 1 January 1996, through the procedure set forth in paragraph 9
of Article 2:
(a) With respect to paragraphs 1 to 6 of Article 2F, what base
year, initial levels, control schedules and phase-out date for
consumption of the controlled substances in Group I of Annex C
will apply to Parties operating under paragraph 1 of this Article;
(b) With respect to Article 2G, what phase-out date for
production and consumption of the controlled substances in
Group II of Annex C will apply to Parties operating under
paragraph 1 of this Article; and
(c) With respect to Article 2H, what base year, initial levels
and control schedules for consumption and production of the
controlled substance in Annex E will apply to Parties operating
under paragraph 1 of this Article.
2. However, any Party operating under paragraph 1 of this
Article shall exceed neither an annual calculated level of
consumption of the controlled substances in Annex A of
0.3 kilograms per capita nor an annual calculated level of
consumption of controlled substances of Annex B of 0.2 kilograms
per capita.
3. When implementing the control measures set out in
Articles 2A to 2E, any Party operating under paragraph 1 of this
Article shall be entitled to use:
(a) For controlled substances under Annex A, either the
average of its annual calculated level of consumption for the
period 1995 to 1997 inclusive or a calculated level of consumption
of 0.3 kilograms per capita, whichever is the lower, as the basis
for determining its compliance with the control measures relating
to consumption.
(b) For controlled substances under Annex B, the average of
its annual calculated level of consumption for the period 1998 to
2000 inclusive or a calculated level of consumption of
0.2 kilograms per capita, whichever is the lower, as the basis for
determining its compliance with the control measures relating to
consumption.
(c) For controlled substances under Annex A, either the
average of its annual calculated level of production for the
period 1995 to 1997 inclusive or a calculated level of production
of 0.3 kilograms per capita, whichever is the lower, as the basis
for determining its compliance with the control measures relating
to production.
(d) For controlled substances under Annex B, either the
average of its annual calculated level of production for the
period 1998 to 2000 inclusive or a calculated level of production
of 0.2 kilograms per capita, whichever is the lower, as the basis
for determining its compliance with the control measures relating
to production.
4. If a Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article, at
any time before the control measures obligations in Articles 2A to
2I become applicable to it, finds itself unable to obtain an
adequate supply of controlled substances, it may notify this to
the Secretariat. The Secretariat shall forthwith transmit a copy
of such notification to the Parties, which shall consider the
matter at their next Meeting, and decide upon appropriate action
to be taken.
5. Developing the capacity to fulfil the obligations of the
Parties operating under paragraph 1 of this Article to comply with
the control measures set out in Articles 2A to 2E and Article 2I,
and any control measures in Articles 2F to 2H that are decided
pursuant to paragraph 1 bis of this Article, and their
implementation by those same Parties will depend upon the
effective implementation of the financial co-operation as provided
by Article 10 and the transfer of technology as provided by
Article 10A.
6. Any Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article may,
at any time, notify the Secretariat in writing that, having taken
all practicable steps it is unable to implement any or all of the
obligations laid down in Articles 2A to 2E and Article 2I, or any
or all obligations in Articles 2F to 2H that are decided pursuant
to paragraph 1 bis of this Article, due to the inadequate
implementation of Articles 10 and 10A. The Secretariat shall
forthwith transmit a copy of the notification to the Parties,
which shall consider the matter at their next Meeting, giving due
recognition to paragraph 5 of this Article and shall decide upon
appropriate action to be taken.
7. During the period between notification and the Meeting of
the Parties at which the appropriate action referred to in
paragraph 6 above is to be decided, or for a further period if the
Meeting of the Parties so decides, the non-compliance procedures
referred to in Article 8 shall not be invoked against the
notifying Party.
8. A Meeting of the Parties shall review, not later than 1995,
the situation of the Parties operating under paragraph 1 of this
Article, including the effective implementation of financial
co-operation and transfer of technology to them, and adopt such
revisions that may be deemed necessary regarding the schedule of
control measures applicable to those Parties.
8 bis. Based on the conclusions of the review referred to in
paragraph 8 above:
(a) With respect to the controlled substances in Annex A, a
Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article shall, in order
to meet its basic domestic needs, be entitled to delay for ten
years its compliance with the control measures adopted by the
Second Meeting of the Parties in London, 29 June 1990, and
reference by the Protocol to Articles 2A and 2B shall be read
accordingly;
(b) With respect to the controlled substances in Annex B, a
Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article shall, in order
to meet its basic domestic needs, be entitled to delay for ten
years its compliance with the control measures adopted by the
Second Meeting of the Parties in London, 29 June 1990, and
reference by the Protocol to Articles 2C to 2E shall be read
accordingly.
8 ter. Pursuant to paragraph 1 bis above:
(a) Each Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article
shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on
1 January 2016, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its
calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in
Group I of Annex C does not exceed, annually, its calculated level
of consumption in 2015. As of 1 January 2016 each Party operating
under paragraph 1 of this Article shall comply with the control
measures set out in paragraph 8 of Article 2F and, as the basis
for its compliance with these control measures, it shall use the
average of its calculated levels of production and consumption in
2015;
(b) Each Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article
shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on
1 January 2040, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its
calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in
Group I of Annex C does not exceed zero;
(c) Each Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article
shall comply with Article 2G;
(d) With regard to the controlled substance contained in
Annex E:
(i) As of 1 January 2002 each Party operating under
paragraph 1 of this Article shall comply with the control
measures set out in paragraph 1 of Article 2H and, as the
basis for its compliance with these control measures, it shall
use the average of its annual calculated level of consumption
and production, respectively, for the period of 1995 to 1998
inclusive;
(ii) Each Party operating under paragraph 1 of this
Article shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2005, and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated levels of consumption and
production of the controlled substance in Annex E do not
exceed, annually, eighty per cent of the average of its annual
calculated levels of consumption and production, respectively,
for the period of 1995 to 1998 inclusive;
(iii) Each Party operating under paragraph 1 of this
Article shall ensure that for the twelve-month period
commencing on 1 January 2015 and in each twelve-month period
thereafter, its calculated levels of consumption and
production of the controlled substance in Annex E do not
exceed zero. This paragraph will apply save to the extent that
the Parties decide to permit the level of production or
consumption that is necessary to satisfy uses agreed by them
to be critical uses;
(iv) The calculated levels of consumption and production
under this subparagraph shall not include the amounts used by
the Party for quarantine and pre-shipment applications.
9. Decisions of the Parties referred to in paragraph 4, 6 and
7 of this Article shall be taken according to the same procedure
applied to decision-making under Article 10.
Article 6
Assessment and review of control measures
Beginning in 1990, and at least every four years thereafter,
the Parties shall assess the control measures provided for in
Article 2 and Articles 2A to 2I on the basis of available
scientific, environmental, technical and economic information. At
least one year before each assessment, the Parties shall convene
appropriate panels of experts qualified in the fields mentioned
and determine the composition and terms of reference of any such
panels. Within one year of being convened, the panels will report
their conclusions, through the Secretariat, to the Parties.
Article 7
Reporting of data
1. Each Party shall provide to the Secretariat, within three
months of becoming a Party, statistical data on its production,
imports and exports of each of the controlled substances in
Annex A for the year 1986, or the best possible estimates of such
data where actual data are not available.
2. Each Party shall provide to the Secretariat statistical
data on its production, imports and exports of each of the
controlled substances
- in Annex B and Annexes I and II of Group C for the year
1989;
- in Annex E, for the year 1991,
or the best possible estimates of such data where actual data
are not available, not later than three months after the date when
the provisions set out in the Protocol with regard to the
substances in Annexes B, C and E respectively enter into force for
that Party.
3. Each Party shall provide to the Secretariat statistical
data on its annual production (as defined in paragraph 5 of
Article 1) of each of the controlled substances listed in
Annexes A, B, C and E and, separately, for each substance,
- Amounts used for feedstocks,
- Amounts destroyed by technologies approved by the Parties,
and
- Imports from and exports to Parties and non-Parties
respectively,
for the year during which provisions concerning the substances
in Annexes A, B, C and E respectively entered into force for that
Party and for each year thereafter. Each Party shall provide to
the Secretariat statistical data on the annual amount of the
controlled substance listed in Annex E used for quarantine and
pre-shipment applications. Data shall be forwarded not later than
nine months after the end of the year to which the data relate.
3 bis. Each Party shall provide to the Secretariat separate
statistical data of its annual imports and exports of each of the
controlled substances listed in Group II of Annex A and Group I of
Annex C that have been recycled.
4. For Parties operating under the provisions of
paragraph 8 (a) of Article 2, the requirements in paragraphs 1, 2,
3 and 3 bis of this Article in respect of statistical data on
imports and exports shall be satisfied if the regional economic
integration organization concerned provides data on imports and
exports between the organization and States that are not members
of that organization.
Article 8
Non-compliance
The Parties, at their first meeting, shall consider and
approve procedures and institutional mechanisms for determining
non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol and for
treatment of Parties found to be in non-compliance.
Article 9
Research, development, public awareness
and exchange of information
1. The Parties shall co-operate, consistent with their
national laws, regulations and practices and taking into account
in particular the needs of developing countries, in promoting,
directly or through competent international bodies, research,
development and exchange of information on:
(a) best technologies for improving the containment, recovery,
recycling, or destruction of controlled substances or otherwise
reducing their emissions;
(b) possible alternatives to controlled substances, to
products containing such substances, and to products manufactured
with them; and
(c) costs and benefits of relevant control strategies.
2. The Parties, individually, jointly or through competent
international bodies, shall co-operate in promoting public
awareness of the environmental effects of the emissions of
controlled substances and other substances that deplete the ozone
layer.
3. Within two years of the entry into force of this Protocol
and every two years thereafter, each Party shall submit to the
Secretariat a summary of the activities it has conducted pursuant
to this Article.
Article 10
Financial mechanism
1. The Parties shall establish a mechanism for the purposes of
providing financial and technical co-operation, including the
transfer of technologies, to Parties operating under paragraph 1
of Article 5 of this Protocol to enable their compliance with the
control measures set out in Articles 2A to 2E and Article 2I, and
any control measures in Articles 2F to 2H that are decided
pursuant to paragraph 1 bis of Article 5 of the Protocol. The
mechanism, contributions to which shall be additional to other
financial transfers to Parties operating under that paragraph,
shall meet all agreed incremental costs of such Parties in order
to enable their compliance with the control measures of the
Protocol. An indicative list of the categories of incremental
costs shall be decided by the meeting of the Parties.
2. The mechanism established under paragraph 1 shall include a
Multilateral Fund. It may also include other means of
multilateral, regional and bilateral co-operation.
3. The Multilateral Fund shall:
(a) Meet, on a grant or concessional basis as appropriate, and
according to criteria to be decided upon by the Parties, the
agreed incremental costs;
(b) Finance clearing-house functions to:
(i) Assist Parties operating under paragraph 1 of
Article 5, through country specific studies and other
technical co-operation, to identify their needs for
co-operation;
(ii) Facilitate technical co-operation to meet these
identified needs;
(iii) Distribute, as provided for in Article 9,
information and relevant materials, and hold workshops,
training sessions, and other related activities, for the
benefit of Parties that are developing countries; and
(iv) Facilitate and monitor other multilateral, regional
and bilateral co-operation available to Parties that are
developing countries;
(c) Finance the secretarial services of the Multilateral Fund
and related support costs.
4. The Multilateral Fund shall operate under the authority of
the Parties who shall decide on its overall policies.
5. The Parties shall establish an Executive Committee to
develop and monitor the implementation of specific operational
policies, guidelines and administrative arrangements, including
the disbursement of resources, for the purpose of achieving the
objectives of the Multilateral Fund. The Executive Committee shall
discharge its tasks and responsibilities, specified in its terms
of reference as agreed by the Parties, with the co-operation and
assistance of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (World Bank), the United Nations Environment
Programme, the United Nations Development Programme or other
appropriate agencies depending on their respective areas of
expertise. The members of the Executive Committee, which shall be
selected on the basis of a balanced representation of the Parties
operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 and of the Parties not so
operating, shall be endorsed by the Parties.
6. The Multilateral Fund shall be financed by contributions
from Parties not operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 in
convertible currency or, in certain circumstances, in kind and/or
in national currency, on the basis of the United Nations scale of
assessments. Contributions by other Parties shall be encouraged.
Bilateral and, in particular cases agreed by a decision of the
Parties, regional co-operation may, up to a percentage and
consistent with any criteria to be specified by decision of the
Parties, be considered as a contribution to the Multilateral Fund,
provided that such co-operation, as a minimum:
(a) Strictly relates to compliance with the provisions of this
Protocol;
(b) Provides additional resources; and
(c) Meets agreed incremental costs.
7. The Parties shall decide upon the programme budget of the
Multilateral Fund for each fiscal period and upon the percentage
of contributions of the individual Parties thereto.
8. Resources under the Multilateral Fund shall be disbursed
with the concurrence of the beneficiary Party.
9. Decisions by the Parties under this Article shall be taken
by consensus whenever possible. If all efforts at consensus have
been exhausted and no agreement reached, decisions shall be
adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the Parties present and
voting, representing a majority of the Parties operating under
paragraph 1 of Article 5 present and voting and a majority of the
Parties not so operating present and voting.
10. The financial mechanism set out in this Article is without
prejudice to any future arrangements that may be developed with
respect to other environmental issues.
Article 10A
Transfer of technology
Each Party shall take every practicable step, consistent with
the programmes supported by the financial mechanism, to ensure:
(a) that the best available, environmentally safe substitutes
and related technologies are expeditiously transferred to Parties
operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5; and
(b) that the transfers referred to in subparagraph (a) occur
under fair and most favourable conditions.
Article 11
Meetings of the parties
1. The Parties shall hold meetings at regular intervals. The
Secretariat shall convene the first meeting of the Parties not
later than one year after the date of the entry into force of this
Protocol and in conjunction with a meeting of the Conference of
the Parties to the Convention, if a meeting of the latter is
scheduled within that period.
2. Subsequent ordinary meetings of the parties shall be held,
unless the Parties otherwise decide, in conjunction with meetings
of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. Extraordinary
meetings of the Parties shall be held at such other times as may
be deemed necessary by a meeting of the Parties, or at the written
request of any Party, provided that within six months of such a
request being communicated to them by the Secretariat, it is
supported by at least one third of the Parties.
3. The Parties, at their first meeting, shall:
(a) adopt by consensus rules of procedure for their meetings;
(b) adopt by consensus the financial rules referred to in
paragraph 2 of Article 13;
(c) establish the panels and determine the terms of reference
referred to in Article 6;
(d) consider and approve the procedures and institutional
mechanisms specified in Article 8; and
(e) begin preparation of workplans pursuant to paragraph 3 of
Article 10.
4. The functions of the meetings of the Parties shall be to:
(a) review the implementation of this Protocol;
(b) decide on any adjustments or reductions referred to in
paragraph 9 of Article 2;
(c) decide on any addition to, insertion in or removal from
any annex of substances and on related control measures in
accordance with paragraph 10 of Article 2;
(d) establish, where necessary, guidelines or procedures for
reporting of information as provided for in Article 7 and
paragraph 3 of Article 9;
(e) review requests for technical assistance submitted
pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 10;
(f) review reports prepared by the secretariat pursuant to
subparagraph (c) of Article 12;
(g) assess, in accordance with Article 6, the control
measures;
(h) consider and adopt, as required, proposals for amendment
of this Protocol or any annex and for any new annex;
(i) consider and adopt the budget for implementing this
Protocol; and
(j) consider and undertake any additional action that may be
required for the achievement of the purposes of this Protocol.
5. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the
International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State not party
to this Protocol, may be represented at meetings of the Parties as
observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international,
governmental or non-governmental, qualified in fields relating to
the protection of the ozone layer which has informed the
secretariat of its wish to be represented at a meeting of the
Parties as an observer may be admitted unless at least one third
of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of
observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure adopted by
the Parties.
Article 12
Secretariat
For the purposes of this Protocol, the Secretariat shall:
(a) arrange for and service meetings of the Parties as
provided for in Article 11;
(b) receive and make available, upon request by a Party, data
provided pursuant to Article 7;
(c) prepare and distribute regularly to the Parties reports
based on information received pursuant to Articles 7 and 9;
(d) notify the Parties of any request for technical assistance
received pursuant to Article 10 so as to facilitate the provision
of such assistance;
(e) encourage non-Parties to attend the meetings of the
Parties as observers and to act in accordance with the provisions
of this Protocol;
(f) provide, as appropriate, the information and requests
referred to in subparagraphs (c) and (d) to such non-party
observers; and
(g) perform such other functions for the achievement of the
purposes of this Protocol as may be assigned to it by the Parties.
Article 13
Financial provisions
1. The funds required for the operation of this Protocol,
including those for the functioning of the Secretariat related to
this Protocol, shall be charged exclusively against contributions
from the Parties.
2. The Parties, at their first meeting, shall adopt by
consensus financial rules for the operation of this Protocol.
Article 14
Relationship of this Protocol to the Convention
Except as otherwise provided in this Protocol, the provisions
of the Convention relating to its protocols shall apply to this
Protocol.
Article 15
Signature
This Protocol shall be open for signature by States and by
regional economic integration organizations in Montreal on
16 September 1987, in Ottawa from 17 September 1987 to 16 January
1988, and at United Nations Headquarters in New York from
17 January 1988 to 15 September 1988.
Article 16
Entry into force
1. This Protocol shall enter into force on 1 January 1989,
provided that at least eleven instruments of ratification,
acceptance, approval of the Protocol or accession thereto have
been deposited by States or regional economic integration
organizations representing at least two-thirds of 1986 estimated
global consumption of the controlled substances, and the
provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 17 of the Convention have
been fulfilled. In the event that these conditions have not been
fulfilled by that date, the Protocol shall enter into force on the
ninetieth day following the date on which the conditions have been
fulfilled.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, any such instrument
deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall
not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States
of such organization.
3. After the entry into force of this Protocol, any State or
regional economic integration organization shall become a Party to
it on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
Article 17
Parties joining after entry into force
Subject to Article 5, any State or regional economic
integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol
after the date of its entry into force, shall fulfil forthwith the
sum of the obligations under Article 2, as well as under
Articles 2A to 2I and Article 4, that apply at that date to the
States and regional economic integration organizations that became
Parties on the date the Protocol entered into force.
Article 18
Reservations
No reservations may be made to this Protocol.
Article 19
Withdrawal
Any Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written
notification to the Depositary at any time after four years of
assuming the obligations specified in paragraph 1 of Article 2A.
Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year
after the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later
date as may be specified in the notification of the withdrawal.
Article 20
Authentic texts
The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese,
English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic,
shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United
Nations.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized to
that effect, have signed this Protocol.
Done at Montreal this sixteenth day of September, one thousand
nine hundred and eighty seven.
Annex A
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
-------------T---------------------T-----------------------------¬
¦ Group ¦ Substance ¦Ozone-Depleting Potential <*>¦
+------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
¦Group I ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CFCl ¦ (CFC-11) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CF Cl ¦ (CFC-12) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 2 2 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-113) ¦ 0.8 ¦
¦ 2 3 3 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-114) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 2 4 2 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-115) ¦ 0.6 ¦
¦ 2 5 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦Group II ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CF BrCl ¦ (halon-1211) ¦ 3.0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CF Br ¦ (halon-1301) ¦ 10.0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Br ¦ (halon-2402) ¦ 6.0 ¦
¦ 2 4 2 ¦ ¦ ¦
L------------+---------------------+------------------------------
--------------------------------
<*> These ozone depleting potentials are estimates based on
existing knowledge and will be reviewed and revised periodically.
Annex B
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
-------------T-------------------------T-------------------------¬
¦ Group ¦ Substance ¦Ozone-Depleting Potential¦
+------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
¦Group I ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CF Cl ¦ (CFC-13) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C FCl ¦ (CFC-111) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 2 5 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-112) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 2 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C FCl ¦ (CFC-211) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 7 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-212) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 2 6 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-213) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 3 5 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-214) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 4 4 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-215) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 5 3 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-216) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 6 2 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C F Cl ¦ (CFC-217) ¦ 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 7 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦Group II ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CCl ¦ carbon ¦ 1.1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ tetrachloride ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦Group III ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H Cl <*> ¦1,1,1-trichloroethane <*>¦ 0.1 ¦
¦ 2 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ (methyl chloroform) ¦ ¦
L------------+-------------------------+--------------------------
--------------------------------
<*> This formula does not refer to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
Annex C
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
--------------T------------------T---------T---------------------¬
¦ Group ¦ Substance ¦Number of¦ Ozone-Depleting ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ isomers ¦ Potential ¦
+-------------+------------------+---------+---------------------+
¦Group I ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CHFCl ¦(HCFC-21) <**> ¦ 1 ¦ 0.04 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CHF Cl ¦(HCFC-22) <**> ¦ 1 ¦ 0.055 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CH FCl ¦(HCFC-31) ¦ 1 ¦ 0.02 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HFCl ¦(HCFC-121) ¦ 2 ¦ 0.01 - 0.04 ¦
¦ 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Cl ¦(HCFC-122) ¦ 3 ¦ 0.02 - 0.08 ¦
¦ 2 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Cl ¦(HCFC-123) ¦ 3 ¦ 0.02 - 0.06 ¦
¦ 2 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CHCl CF ¦(HCFC-123) <**> ¦ - ¦ 0.02 ¦
¦ 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Cl ¦(HCFC-124) ¦ 2 ¦ 0.02 - 0.04 ¦
¦ 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CHFClCF ¦(HCFC-124) <**> ¦ - ¦ 0.022 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FCl ¦(HCFC-131) ¦ 3 ¦ 0.007 - 0.05 ¦
¦ 2 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-132) ¦ 4 ¦ 0.008 - 0.05 ¦
¦ 2 2 2 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-133) ¦ 3 ¦ 0.02 - 0.06 ¦
¦ 2 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FCl ¦(HCFC-141) ¦ 3 ¦ 0.005 - 0.07 ¦
¦ 2 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CH CFCl ¦(HCFC-141b) <**> ¦ - ¦ 0.11 ¦
¦ 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-142) ¦ 3 ¦ 0.008 - 0.07 ¦
¦ 2 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CH CF Cl ¦(HCFC-142b) <**> ¦ - ¦ 0.065 ¦
¦ 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FCl ¦(HCFC-151) ¦ 2 ¦ 0.003 - 0.005 ¦
¦ 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HFCl ¦(HCFC-221) ¦ 5 ¦ 0.015 - 0.07 ¦
¦ 3 6 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Cl ¦(HCFC-222) ¦ 9 ¦ 0.01 - 0.09 ¦
¦ 3 2 5 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Cl ¦(HCFC-223) ¦ 12 ¦ 0.01 - 0.08 ¦
¦ 3 3 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Cl ¦(HCFC-224) ¦ 12 ¦ 0.01 - 0.09 ¦
¦ 3 4 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Cl ¦(HCFC-225) ¦ 9 ¦ 0.02 - 0.07 ¦
¦ 3 5 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CF CF CHCl ¦(HCFC-225ca) <**> ¦ - ¦ 0.025 ¦
¦ 3 2 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CF ClCF CHClF¦(HCFC-225cb) <**> ¦ - ¦ 0.033 ¦
¦ 2 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Cl ¦(HCFC-226) ¦ 5 ¦ 0.02 - 0.10 ¦
¦ 3 6 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FCl ¦(HCFC-231) ¦ 9 ¦ 0.05 - 0.09 ¦
¦ 3 2 5 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-232) ¦ 16 ¦ 0.008 - 0.10 ¦
¦ 3 2 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-233) ¦ 18 ¦ 0.007 - 0.23 ¦
¦ 3 2 3 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-234) ¦ 16 ¦ 0.01 - 0.28 ¦
¦ 3 2 4 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-235) ¦ 9 ¦ 0.03 - 0.52 ¦
¦ 3 2 5 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FCl ¦(HCFC-241) ¦ 12 ¦ 0.004 - 0.09 ¦
¦ 3 3 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-242) ¦ 18 ¦ 0.005 - 0.13 ¦
¦ 3 3 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-243) ¦ 18 ¦ 0.007 - 0.12 ¦
¦ 3 3 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-244) ¦ 12 ¦ 0.009 - 0.14 ¦
¦ 3 3 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FCl ¦(HCFC-251) ¦ 12 ¦ 0.001 - 0.01 ¦
¦ 3 4 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-252) ¦ 16 ¦ 0.005 - 0.04 ¦
¦ 3 4 2 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-253) ¦ 12 ¦ 0.003 - 0.03 ¦
¦ 3 4 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FCl ¦(HCFC-261) ¦ 9 ¦ 0.002 - 0.02 ¦
¦ 3 5 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Cl ¦(HCFC-262) ¦ 9 ¦ 0.002 - 0.02 ¦
¦ 3 5 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FCl ¦(HCFC-271) ¦ 5 ¦ 0.001 - 0.03 ¦
¦ 3 6 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦Group II ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CHFBr ¦ ¦ 1 ¦ 1.00 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CHF Br ¦(HBFC-22B1) ¦ 1 ¦ 0.74 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CH FBr ¦ ¦ 1 ¦ 0.73 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HFBr ¦ ¦ 2 ¦ 0.3 - 0.8 ¦
¦ 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Br ¦ ¦ 3 ¦ 0.5 - 1.8 ¦
¦ 2 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Br ¦ ¦ 3 ¦ 0.4 - 1.6 ¦
¦ 2 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Br ¦ ¦ 2 ¦ 0.7 - 1.2 ¦
¦ 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FBr ¦ ¦ 3 ¦ 0.1 - 1.1 ¦
¦ 2 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 4 ¦ 0.2 - 1.5 ¦
¦ 2 2 2 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 3 ¦ 0.7 - 1.6 ¦
¦ 2 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FBr ¦ ¦ 3 ¦ 0.1 - 1.7 ¦
¦ 2 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 3 ¦ 0.2 - 1.1 ¦
¦ 2 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FBr ¦ ¦ 2 ¦ 0.07 - 0.1 ¦
¦ 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HFBr ¦ ¦ 5 ¦ 0.3 - 1.5 ¦
¦ 3 6 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Br ¦ ¦ 9 ¦ 0.2 - 1.9 ¦
¦ 3 2 5 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Br ¦ ¦ 12 ¦ 0.3 - 1.8 ¦
¦ 3 3 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Br ¦ ¦ 12 ¦ 0.5 - 2.2 ¦
¦ 3 4 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Br ¦ ¦ 9 ¦ 0.9 - 2.0 ¦
¦ 3 5 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C HF Br ¦ ¦ 5 ¦ 0.7 - 3.3 ¦
¦ 3 6 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FBr ¦ ¦ 9 ¦ 0.1 - 1.9 ¦
¦ 3 2 5 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 16 ¦ 0.2 - 2.1 ¦
¦ 3 2 2 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 18 ¦ 0.2 - 5.6 ¦
¦ 3 2 3 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 16 ¦ 0.3 - 7.5 ¦
¦ 3 2 4 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 8 ¦ 0.9 -14.0 ¦
¦ 3 2 5 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FBr ¦ ¦ 12 ¦ 0.08 - 1.9 ¦
¦ 3 3 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 18 ¦ 0.1 - 3.1 ¦
¦ 3 3 2 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 18 ¦ 0.1 - 2.5 ¦
¦ 3 3 3 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 12 ¦ 0.3 - 4.4 ¦
¦ 3 3 4 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FBr ¦ ¦ 12 ¦ 0.03 - 0.3 ¦
¦ 3 4 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 16 ¦ 0.1 - 1.0 ¦
¦ 3 4 2 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 12 ¦ 0.07 - 0.8 ¦
¦ 3 4 3 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FBr ¦ ¦ 9 ¦ 0.04 - 0.4 ¦
¦ 3 5 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H F Br ¦ ¦ 9 ¦ 0.07 - 0.8 ¦
¦ 3 5 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦C H FBr ¦ ¦ 5 ¦ 0.02 - 0.7 ¦
¦ 3 6 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦Group III ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CH BrCl ¦bromochloromethane¦ 1 ¦ 0.12 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
L-------------+------------------+---------+----------------------
--------------------------------
<*> Where a range of ODPs is indicated, the highest value in
that range shall be used for the purposes of the Protocol. The
ODPs listed as a single value have been determined from
calculations based on laboratory measurements. Those listed as a
range are based on estimates and are less certain. The range
pertains to an isomeric group. The upper value is the estimate of
the ODP of the isomer with the highest ODP, and the lower value is
the estimate of the ODP of the isomer with the lowest ODP.
<**> Identifies the most commercially viable substances with
ODP values listed against them to be used for the purposes of the
Protocol.
Annex D <1>
A LIST OF PRODUCTS <2>
CONTAINING CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES SPECIFIED IN ANNEX A
Products Customs code
number
------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Automobile and truck air conditioning units
(whether incorporated in vehicles or not) .................
2. Domestic and commercial refrigeration and air
conditioning/heat pump equipment <3> .................
e.g. Refrigerators .................
Freezers .................
Dehumidifiers .................
Water coolers .................
Ice machines .................
Air conditioning and heat pump units .................
3. Aerosol products, except medical aerosols .................
4. Portable fire extinguisher .................
5. Insulation boards, panels and pipe covers .................
6. Pre-polymers .................
--------------------------------
<1> This Annex was adopted by the Third Meeting of the Parties
in Nairobi, 21 June 1991 as required by paragraph 3 of Article 4
of the Protocol.
<2> Though not when transported in consignments of personal or
household effects or in similar non-commercial situations normally
exempted from customs attention.
<3> When containing controlled substances in Annex A as a
refrigerant and/or in insulating material of the product.
Annex E
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE
-------------T-------------------------T-------------------------¬
¦ Group ¦ Substance ¦Ozone-Depleting Potential¦
+------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
¦Group I ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦CH Br ¦methyl bromide ¦ 0.6 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ ¦ ¦
L------------+-------------------------+--------------------------
This text contains the latest version of the Montreal Protocol
on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, updated to March 2000
to include the cumulative amendments to various articles adopted
by the Parties at their Second, Fourth, Ninth and Eleventh
Meetings. It includes also the adjustments in levels of production
and consumption of the controlled substances listed in annexes A,
B, C and E to the Protocol, as decided by the Parties on the basis
of assessment made in pursuance of article 6 of the Protocol at
the Second, Fourth, Seventh, Ninth and Eleventh Meetings. It
should be noted that while adjustments to the Protocol enter into
force automatically six months after the date of official
notification by the Depositary, each set of amendments is subject
to ratification and enters into force and becomes binding for
Parties to such amendments only after it has been ratified by a
minimum number of Parties.
Separate texts of the adjustments and amendments to the
Protocol as agreed by the Parties to the Protocol at meetings in
London, Copenhagen, Vienna, Montreal and Beijing are available
from either the Depositary, the United Nations Secretary-General,
the Ozone Secretariat in UNEP or the Treaties Sections of the
Ministries of Foreign Affairs of various Governments.
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